![sleep no more synopsis sleep no more synopsis](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-H3ZwQHVhntI/VjeuescVMwI/AAAAAAAACc0/6IcGEDTYi1A/s640/blogger-image--1658882229.jpg)
Grade 1 concussion involves confusion that lasts <15 minutes absent loss of consciousness (LOC). The American Academy of Neurology classifies concussion by 3 grades and provides corresponding activity-limiting recommendations. In the context of sports-related injuries, mild head trauma with an alteration in mental state is referred to as “concussion”. Even mild TBI can be associated with headache, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, impaired balance and coordination, vision changes, tinnitus, mood and memory changes, difficulty with memory and attention, and fatigue and/or sleep disturbances.( 3) The relationship between head trauma and impaired consciousness and cognitive disturbance have been well described,( 4) but the association between head injury and sleep disturbance has not been extensively studied. TBI can result in significant motor, sensory, cognitive and emotional impairments. An estimated 1.6 to 3 million TBIs occur in the United States each year ( 1) causing over 1 million emergency department visits, 290,000 hospitalizations, and 51,000 deaths.( 2) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is classified as mild, moderate or severe using the Glasgow Coma Scale (mild=13–15 moderate=9–12 severe=less than or equal to 8 out of 15). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability and death in the United States and worldwide. Unfortunately, treatment of sleep disorders associated with TBI often does not improve sleepiness or neuropsychological function. Treatment is disorder specific and may include the use of medications, continuous positive airway pressure (or similar device) and/or behavioral modifications. Diagnosis of sleep disorders after TBI may involve polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing and/or actigraphy. Two types of TBI negatively impact sleep: contact injuries causing focal brain damage and acceleration/deceleration injuries causing more generalized brain damage. In addition, depression, anxiety and pain are common TBI co-morbidities with substantial influence on sleep quality. Insomnia, fatigue and sleepiness are the most frequent post-TBI sleep complaints with narcolepsy (with or without cataplexy), sleep apnea (obstructive and/or central), periodic limb movement disorder, and parasomnias occurring less commonly.
![sleep no more synopsis sleep no more synopsis](https://static2.tribute.ca/video/320x240/before-i-go-to-sleep-movie-clip-i-cant-always-handle-everything-25883.jpg)
Sleep disturbance is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI), affecting 30–70% of individuals, many occurring after mild injuries.